Hair health

Section 1: Fundamentals of Hair Health: Comprehensive approach

1.1. Hair structure and physiology:

Hair health begins with an understanding of their structure and physiology. The hair consists of two main parts: a hair follicle located in the skin, and a hair rod, visible part. The hair follicle is responsible for the growth and nutrition of the hair. Inside the follicle there are a hair bulb containing cells, actively dividing and forming new hair, and a dermal papilla, providing nutrition and blood supply. The hair rod consists of three layers: cuticles, cortex and brain substance (medulla).

• Cuticle: The outer protective layer consisting of overlapping scales, like a tile on the roof. A healthy cuticle is smooth and reflects the light, giving the hair shine. The damaged cuticle becomes porous and rough, which leads to dullness, brittleness and confusion.
• Cortex: The thickest layer that makes up the bulk of the hair. It contains keratin (protein that makes up the hair), melanin (pigment that determines the color of the hair) and determines the strength, elasticity and texture of the hair.
• Medulla: The inner layer, which is not in all hair, especially in thin and bright. Its function has not been fully studied, but it is assumed that it plays a role in thermal insulation and flexibility of the hair.

Hair growth is cyclical and consists of three phases:

• Anaagen: Active growth phase, lasts from 2 to 7 years. At this time, the cells of the hair bulbs are actively divided, forming new hair.
• Catagen: The transition phase lasts about 2-3 weeks. Hair growth slows down, and the follicle is reduced.
• Telogen: The phase of rest lasts about 3 months. The hair stops growing and remains in the follicle until the fall.

In a healthy state, about 90% of the hair are in the anagen phase, 1% in Katagen and 9% in the heterogene. Violation of this balance can lead to hair loss (alopecia).

1.2. Hair health factors:

Many factors affect the health of the hair, both external and internal.

• Genetics: The type of hair, their thickness, texture and a tendency to loss are largely determined by a genetic predisposition.
• Hormonal background: Hormonal changes, especially during puberty, pregnancy, menopause and thyroid diseases, can significantly affect the condition of the hair.
• Nutrition: The lack of nutrients, especially proteins, iron, zinc, vitamins of group B and vitamin D, can lead to thinning, brittleness and hair loss.
• Stress: Chronic stress can disrupt the hormonal balance and blood supply to the hair follicles, which leads to hair loss.
• External factors: Excessive exposure to sunlight, heat treatment (hair dryers, ironing, curling iron), chemical processing (staining, chemical curls), aggressive detergents and improper care can damage the cuticle and lead to dryness, fragility and dullness of hair.
• Medical conditions and medicines: Some diseases, such as anemia, thyroid diseases, autoimmune diseases and skin diseases, as well as taking some drugs (chemotherapy, antidepressants, contraceptive tablets) can cause hair loss.
• Age: With age, hair follicles become less active, which leads to thinning and slowdown in hair growth. The production of melanin is also reduced, which leads to the appearance of gray hair.

1.3. Determining the type of hair and scalp:

Proper hair care begins with determining the type of hair and scalp. There are several main types of hair:

• Normal hair: Balanced production of skin fat, shiny, elastic hair, is easily combed and not prone to dryness or fat content.
• Dry hair: Insufficient production of sebum, the hair is dim, brittle, is poorly combed, prone to split ends and electrification.
• Bold hair: Excessive production of sebum, hair quickly becomes oily, loses volume, look dull and sticky.
• Mixed hair: Fat at the roots and dry at the ends.

Types of scalp:

• Normal scalp: Lack of itching, irritation and dandruff.
• Dry scalp: A feeling of tightness, itching, peeling (dandruff).
• Fat scalp: It quickly becomes greasy, the hair at the roots looks seafood.
• Sensitive scalp: Easily annoyed, prone to itching and reddening.

Determining the type of hair and scalp will help to choose suitable care products that will feed and moisturize the hair without overloading it.

Section 2: Nutrition for Hair Health: from the inside out

2.1. Key nutrients:

Healthy nutrition plays an important role in maintaining hair health. Hair consists mainly of keratin protein, so sufficient protein consumption is necessary for their growth and strength.

• Protein: It is a building material for hair. Sources: meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, nuts, seeds.
• Iron: It is necessary to transport oxygen to hair follicles. Iron deficiency can lead to hair loss. Sources: red meat, liver, spinach, lentils, beans.
• Zinc: Participates in the synthesis of keratin and regulates the functioning of the sebaceous glands. Zinc deficiency can lead to hair loss and dandruff. Sources: oysters, red meat, poultry, nuts, seeds, whole grains.
• Biotin (Vitamin B7): It is important for hair and nail growth. Biotin deficiency is rare, but can lead to hair loss. Sources: eggs, liver, nuts, seeds, avocados, sweet potatoes.
• Vitamin D: He plays a role in the growth of hair follicles. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to hair loss. Sources: fatty fish, eggs, mushrooms, enriched products, sunlight.
• Vitamin C: The antioxidant protects the hair from damage to free radicals and promotes the absorption of iron. Sources: citrus fruits, berries, kiwi, pepper, broccoli.
• Vitamin E: Antioxidant improves blood circulation in the scalp and protects the hair from damage. Sources: nuts, seeds, vegetable oils, spinach, avocados.
• Omega-3 fatty acids: Moisturize the hair and scalp, reduce inflammation. Sources: fatty fish (salmon, sardines, mackerel), linen seed, walnuts, chia seeds.

2.2. Hair health products:

The inclusion in the diet of certain products can help improve hair health.

• Eggs: A rich source of protein, biotin, iron and zinc.
• Fat fish: Source of protein, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D.
• Nuts and seeds: Source of protein, vitamin E, zinc and omega-3 fatty acids.
• Spinach: Source of iron, vitamin C and vitamin A.
• Sweet potato: The source of vitamin A required for cell growth, including cells of hair follicles.
• Avocado: The source of vitamin E and healthy fats that moisturize the hair and scalp.
• Walnuts: The source of omega-3 fatty acids, biotin and vitamin E.
• Carrot: The source of beta-carotene, which turns into vitamin A in the body.
• Legumes: Source of protein, iron, zinc and biotin.

2.3. The role of water in hair hydration:

Water plays an important role in the hydration of not only the body as a whole, but also the hair. The lack of water can lead to dryness, brittleness and dullness of the hair. It is recommended to drink at least 8 glasses of water per day to maintain the optimal level of hydration.

2.4. Food supplements: when are they necessary?

In most cases, a balanced diet provides a sufficient amount of nutrients for hair health. However, in some cases, for example, with a deficiency of certain vitamins and minerals, during pregnancy, after childbirth or in certain diseases, food additives may be required. Before taking any additives, it is necessary to consult a doctor in order to determine the need and dosage.

Section 3: Hair Care: External influences

3.1. The choice of the right shampoo and air conditioning:

The choice of proper shampoo and air conditioning is crucial for the health of the hair. The shampoo is designed to cleanse the hair and scalp of pollution and excess sebum. The air conditioner is designed to moisturize, nutrition and hair protection.

• Shampoo for normal hair: Contains a balanced composition, does not overdry and does not overload the hair.
• Shampoo for dry hair: It contains moisturizing and nutrient ingredients, such as oils, glycerin and proteins.
• Fat hair shampoo: Contains the ingredients that regulate the production of sebum, such as salicylic acid and herbs extracts.
• Shampoo for dyed hair: Contains ingredients that protect hair color and prevent their fading.
• Shampoo for sensitive scalp: It does not contain aggressive ingredients, such as sulfates, parabens and fragrances.

The air conditioner should be selected in accordance with the type of hair and needs.

• Air conditioner for normal hair: A light air conditioner that moisturizes and facilitates combing.
• Conditioner for dry hair: A more saturated air conditioner that nourishes and moisturizes the hair, prevents their brittleness.
• Air conditioner for oily hair: A light air conditioner that moisturizes the hair without overloading it.
• Air conditioner for dyed hair: Contains ingredients that protect hair color and restore their structure.

It is important to pay attention to the composition of shampoo and air conditioning. Funds containing aggressive sulfates (SLS, Sles), parabens, silicones and artificial fragrances should be avoided.

3.2. Correct hair washing:

Proper hair washing helps to maintain their health and beauty.

• Washing frequency: Depends on the type of hair and the degree of pollution. Bold hair requires more frequent washing than dry. On average, it is recommended to wash your hair 2-3 times a week.
• Water temperature: Do not wash your hair with too hot water, as it can overdry the scalp and damage the hair. It is recommended to use warm water.
• Shampoo application: Shampoo should only be applied to the scalp, massaging it with fingertips. You should not rub your hair, as this can damage the cuticle.
• Washing shampoo: Shampoo should be thoroughly washed off the hair so as not to leave the remains on them.
• Application of air conditioning: Air conditioning should only be applied to the hair, avoiding hits on the scalp. The air conditioner should be left on the hair for several minutes, and then rinse thoroughly.

3.3. Drying and hair styling:

Drying and hair styling can have a negative effect on their health, especially when using thermal tools.

• Drying with a towel: Do not rub your hair with a towel, as this can damage the cuticle. It is recommended to gently smoke the hair with a towel to remove excess water.
• Drying with a hairdryer: You should use a hair dryer with temperature and speed. You should not keep the hair dryer too close to the hair. It is recommended to use thermal protection products before drying a hairdryer.
• Laying with thermal instruments: The frequent use of ironing and deaf should be avoided, as it can damage the hair. It is recommended to use thermal protection products before laying thermal tools.

3.4. Combing hair:

Proper combing of hair helps to prevent their confusion and brittleness.

• CHOSE CHIED: You should choose a comb with wide teeth, especially for long and thick hair.
• Combing wet hair: Wet hair is more vulnerable than dry, so you should comb it carefully. It is recommended to use a comb with wide teeth or a special comb for wet hair.
• Combing technique: Combing from the ends of the hair should begin, gradually rising to the roots. You should not pull the hair if it is confused.

3.5. Protection from the sun and other external factors:

The sun, wind and environmental pollution can have a negative effect on hair health.

• Sun protection: You should wear a headdress in sunny weather to protect your hair from ultraviolet rays. You can use special hair products with SPF.
• Wind protection: The wind can dry and confuse hair. It is recommended to wear a headdress or braid hair in a braid in windy weather.
• Pollution Protection: Environmental pollution can settle on the hair and scalp, causing irritation and dryness. It is recommended to wash your hair more often and use special tools for cleansing the scalp.

3.6. Home masks and procedures:

Home masks and procedures can help improve the condition of the hair.

• Oil masks: They nourish and moisturize their hair, give it shine and elasticity. You can use coconut oil, olive oil, argan oil, jojoba oil.
• Honey masks: Moisturize the hair and scalp, have antibacterial properties.
• Egg masks: They nourish the hair with protein, strengthen it and give it volume.
• Herbal rinsing: Cut the scalp, strengthen the hair and give it shine. You can use chamomile, nettles, rosemary.

Section 4: Solving Hair Problems: Specialized Care

4.1. Hair loss (alopecia): Causes and treatment:

Hair loss is a common problem that can be caused by various factors.

• Causes of hair loss: Genetic predisposition, hormonal changes, stress, insufficient nutrition, thyroid diseases, autoimmune diseases, drugs, infections.
• Types of alopecia: Androgenic alopecia (male baldness), diffuse alopecia (uniform hair loss throughout the head), focal alopecia (hair loss with spots), heterogene alopecia (hair loss after stress, pregnancy or illness).
• Hair loss treatment: Minoxidil, finsteride, corticosteroids, laser therapy, hair transplant, PRP therapy (plasma injections enriched with platelets). It is important to consult a trichologist to determine the cause of hair loss and prescribe adequate treatment.

4.2. Dandruff (seborrheic dermatitis): Causes and treatment:

Dandruff is a common disease of the scalp, which manifests itself in the form of peeling and itching.

• Causes of dandruff: Malassezia Globosa fungus, excessive production of sebum, dry scalp, stress, hormonal changes, improper hair care.
• Dandruff treatment: Shampoos with antifungal components (ketoconazole, zinc pyrithion, selenium sulfide), shampoos with salicylic acid, shampoos with tar, corticosteroid creams and lotions. It is important to observe hygiene of the scalp and avoid factors that provoke dandruff.

4.3. Dryness and brittle hair: causes and treatment:

Dryness and fragility of the hair can be caused by various factors, such as moisture lack, damage to the cuticle, thermal and chemical treatment.

• Causes of dry hair and brittle hair: Insufficient moisture, aggressive shampoos, frequent use of a hairdryer, ironing and curling iron, staining and chemical curls, exposure to the sun, wind and pollution, insufficient nutrition.
• Treatment of dryness and brittle hair: The use of moisturizing and nutrient shampoos and air conditioners, oil masks, deep air conditioning, avoiding thermal and chemical treatment, protection from the sun, wind and pollution, a balanced diet.

4.4. Serving tips: Causes and treatment:

Serving tips are a common problem, especially in long hair.

• Causes of split ends: Damage to the cuticle, dryness, thermal and chemical treatment, mechanical damage (friction about clothing, combing), exposure to the sun, wind and pollution.
• Treatment of split ends: Regular haircut of the ends of the hair, the use of moisturizing and nutrients, avoiding thermal and chemical treatment, protection from the sun, wind and pollution. You can use special tools for sealing split ends.

4.5. Hair fatness: Causes and treatment:

The fat content of hair is the result of excessive production of skin fat with the sebaceous glands of the scalp.

• Causes of the oily hair: Genetic predisposition, hormonal changes, stress, malnutrition, frequent hair washing, using too fat shampoos and air conditioners.
• Hair fat treatment: The use of shampoos for oily hair that regulates the production of sebum, avoiding frequent hair washing, balanced diet, and reducing stress levels. You can use dry shampoos to remove excess sebum between hair washing.

Section 5: Professional Hair Health Procedures

5.1. Hair lamination:

Hair lamination is a procedure in which a special composition is applied to the hair that forms a protective film. This film makes the hair more smooth, shiny and protects it from damage.

• Advantages of hair laminating: Gives hair shine and smoothness, protects against damage, facilitates combing, increases hair volume.
• Disadvantages of hair lamination: The effect is temporary (lasts several weeks), it can weight thin hair, requires professional execution.

5.2. Keratin hair straightening:

Keratin hair straightening is a procedure in which keratin is applied to the hair, which straightens the hair and makes it more smooth and shiny.

• Advantages of keratin hair straightening: It straightens the hair, makes it smooth and shiny, facilitates styling, reduces fluffiness.
• Disadvantages of keratin hair straightening: It contains formaldehyde (in some compositions), the temporary effect (lasts several months), requires professional execution.

5.3. Botox for hair:

Botox for hair is a procedure in which a composition containing amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients are applied to the hair that restore the damaged hair structure.

• Advantages of Botox hair: Restores damaged hair, gives it shine and elasticity, moisturizes and nourishes hair, reduces fluffiness.
• Disadvantages of Botox for Hair: The effect is temporary (lasts several weeks), requires professional execution.

5.4. Mesotherapy for hair:

Mesotherapy for hair is a procedure in which injections with vitamins, minerals and other nutrients are introduced into the scalp that stimulate hair growth and improve their condition.

• Advantages of Mesotherapy for Hair: It stimulates hair growth, improves blood circulation in the scalp, nourishes hair follicles, and strengthens hair.
• Disadvantages of Mesotherapy for Hair: It requires a course of procedures, it may be painful, requires professional execution.

5.5. Plasmolyphing for hair (PRP-therapy):

Hair plasmolifting is a procedure in which plasma injections enriched with platelets taken from the patient’s blood are introduced into the scalp. Platelets contain growth factors that stimulate hair growth and improve their condition.

• Presentation plasmolyphing for hair: It stimulates hair growth, improves blood circulation in the scalp, nourishes hair follicles, strengthens hair, is safe, as the patient’s own blood is used.
• Disadvantages of hair plasmolifting: It requires a course of procedures, it may be painful, requires professional execution.

This comprehensive article provides detailed information on hair health, covering various aspects from the structure and physiology of hair to dietary recommendations, hair care routines, and professional treatments. It addresses common hair problems and offers solutions, ensuring a well-rounded understanding of how to maintain healthy and beautiful hair. The structure allows for easy navigation and focuses on providing valuable, actionable advice.