Dietary supplement to improve thyroid function in women

Dietary supplement to improve the thyroid gland in women: deep analysis

Section 1: Anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland

The thyroid gland, a small organ in the form of a butterfly located in the front of the neck, plays a key role in the endocrine system. Its main function is the production of hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, development and many other vital processes. The thyroid gland synthesizes two main hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The production of these hormones is controlled by thyroidropic hormone (TSH), which is produced by the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland, in turn, is regulated by the hypothalamus, forming a complex feedback system that ensures the maintenance of the hormonal balance.

1.1 thyroid cells:

The thyroid gland consists of follicular cells responsible for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. These cells absorb iodine from the blood and use it for the production of T4 and T3. Another type of cells, C-cells, produces calcitonin, a hormone that regulates the level of calcium in the blood.

1.2 thyroid hormones:

• Thyroxine (T4): The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland. T4 is the precursor T3 and is converted into T3 in peripheral tissues.
• Triodtinonin (T3): A more active form of thyroid hormone. T3 has a direct effect on the metabolism and function of cells.
• Calcitonin: Regulates the level of calcium in the blood, reducing its concentration.

1.3 Regulation of thyroid function:

The hypothalamo-pituitary-capitious axis ensures the maintenance of the hormonal balance. The hypothalamus produces thyreotropin-releasing hormone (TRG), which stimulates the pituitary pituitary gland. TSH, in turn, stimulates the thyroid gland to the production of T4 and T3. A high level of T4 and T3 in the blood suppresses the production of TRG and TSH, creating negative feedback.

Section 2: common thyroid diseases in women

Women are more susceptible to thyroid diseases than men. This is due to hormonal changes taking place during the life of a woman, such as pregnancy, childbirth and menopause. The most common thyroid diseases in women include hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves disease.

2.1 hypothyroidism (reduced thyroid function):

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones. This can lead to a slowdown in metabolism, fatigue, weight gain, constipation, dry skin and hair, as well as depression.

• Reasons: The most common cause of hypothyroidism is autoimmune thyroiditis Hashimoto, in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Other reasons include iodine deficiency, surgical removal of thyroid gland or radioiodrapy.
• Symptoms: Fatigue, weight gain, constipation, dry skin and hair, chilliness, depression, menstrual violation, muscle weakness, memory reduction and concentration.
• Diagnosis: Determination of the level of TSH and free T4 in the blood. The increased TSH level and the low level of free T4 indicate hypothyroidism.
• Treatment: Hormone replacement therapy with levotyroxin (synthetic T4).

2.2 hyperthyroidism (increased thyroid function):

Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces an excessive amount of hormones. This can lead to the acceleration of metabolism, weight loss, a rapid heartbeat, anxiety, irritability, sweating, tremor and sleep disturbances.

• Reasons: The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is the disease of Graves, an autoimmune disease in which the immune system stimulates the thyroid gland to excessive production of hormones. Other causes include a toxic nodal goiter, toxic adenoma and thyroiditis.
• Symptoms: Weight loss, heart heartbeat, anxiety, irritability, sweating, tremor, sleep disturbances, increased appetite, weakness, diarrhea, exophthalmos (bulging eyes).
• Diagnosis: Determination of the level of TSH, free T4 and free T3 in the blood. The reduced level of TSH and the increased level of free T4 and/or free T3 indicate hyperthyroidism. Scanning of the thyroid gland and analysis for antibodies to the TSH receptor can also be performed.
• Treatment: Treatment may include antitiraoid drugs (for example, thiamazole, prophyltiouracyl), radiooderapy or surgical removal of the thyroid gland.

2.3 Hashimoto thyroiditis (autoimmune thyroid):

Hashimoto thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, which leads to chronic inflammation and a gradual decrease in the function of the thyroid gland. Ultimately, Hashimoto thyroiditis leads to hypothyroidism.

• Reasons: Genetic predisposition and environmental factors.
• Symptoms: In the early stages, it can occur asymptomatic. With progression, symptoms of hypothyroidism develop.
• Diagnosis: Determination of the level of TSH, free T4 and antibodies to thyroidperoxidase (at-TPO) and thyroidoglobulin (at-TG) in the blood. The increased level of AT-TPO and/or AT-TG in combination with an increased TSH level and a low level of free T4 confirm the diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis.
• Treatment: Hormone replacement therapy with levotyroxine.

2.4 Graves disease (diffuse toxic goiter):

Graves disease is an autoimmune disease that leads to hyperthyroidism. The immune system produces antibodies that stimulate the thyroid gland to excess hormones.

• Reasons: Genetic predisposition and environmental factors.
• Symptoms: Symptoms of hyperthyroidism, as well as exophthalmos (bulging eyes), pretibial myxedema (thickening of the skin on the legs).
• Diagnosis: Determination of the level of TSH, free T4 and free T3 in the blood, as well as antibodies to the TSH receptor.
• Treatment: Antitiraoid drugs, radioid therapy or surgical removal of the thyroid gland.

Section 3: The role of trace elements and vitamins in the functioning of the thyroid gland

For the normal functioning of the thyroid gland, certain trace elements and vitamins are necessary. The deficiency of these nutrients can disrupt the function of the thyroid gland and lead to the development of diseases.

3.1 iodine:

Iodine is a key component of thyroid hormones. The thyroid gland uses iodine to synthesize T4 and T3. Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of hypothyroidism around the world.

• Sources: Sea fish, seafood, iodized salt, dairy products, eggs.
• Recommended daily dose: 150 μg for adults, 220 mcg for pregnant women and 290 μg for lactating women.
• Deficiency: It can lead to hypothyroidism, goiter (an increase in the thyroid gland), developmental delay in children.
• Excess: It can lead to hyperthyroidism in predisposed persons, as well as to autoimmune thyroiditis.

3.2 selenium:

Selenium is a trace element necessary for transforming T4 into T3. It also has antioxidant properties and protects the thyroid gland from damage caused by free radicals. Selenium plays an important role in the immune function and reduces inflammation.

• Sources: Brazilian nuts, seafood, meat, poultry, eggs, mushrooms.
• Recommended daily dose: 55 μg for adults.
• Deficiency: It can disrupt the transformation of T4 into T3, worsen the course of Hashimoto thyroiditis, and increase the risk of developing thyroid cancer.
• Excess: It can cause selenosis, manifested by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss and damage to the nervous system.

3.3 zinc:

Zinc is necessary for the synthesis of TSH and the normal functioning of thyroid hormones. It also plays an important role in immune function and metabolism.

• Sources: Meat, seafood, nuts, seeds, legumes.
• Recommended daily dose: 8 mg for women.
• Deficiency: It can disrupt the synthesis of TSH and thyroid hormones, worsen the immune function.
• Excess: It can violate the absorption of copper and iron, cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

3.4 Iron:

Iron is necessary for the synthesis of TSH and thyroid hormones. Iron deficiency can worsen the function of the thyroid gland and lead to hypothyroidism.

• Sources: Red meat, poultry, fish, legumes, dark green leafy vegetables.
• Recommended daily dose: 18 mg for women aged 19-50 years, 8 mg for women over 50 years old.
• Deficiency: It can disrupt the synthesis of TSH and thyroid hormones, cause anemia.
• Excess: It can cause hemochromatosis, damage to organs and tissues.

3.5 vitamin D:

Vitamin D plays an important role in the immune function and the modulation of inflammation. Vitamin D deficiency can be associated with an increased risk of developing autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves disease.

• Sources: Sunlight, oily fish, egg yolk, enriched products.
• Recommended daily dose: 600 IU (15 μg) for adults.
• Deficiency: It can increase the risk of developing autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland, worsen the immune function.
• Excess: It can cause hypercalcemia, nausea, vomiting and weakness.

3.6 B vitamins B:

B vitamins are necessary for the normal functioning of the nervous system and metabolism. The deficiency of vitamins B12 and B9 (folic acid) can be associated with hypothyroidism and an increased risk of developing autoimmune thyroid diseases.

• Sources: Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, dark green leafy vegetables.
• Recommended daily dose: Varies depending on vitamin.
• Deficiency: It can disrupt metabolism, cause neurological symptoms, anemia.
• Excess: In rare cases, it can cause side effects.

3.7 vitamin A:

Vitamin A plays a role in the functioning of the thyroid gland, maintaining the normal level of TSH.

• Sources: Liver, fish oil, dairy products, carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach.
• Recommended daily dose: 700 μg for women.
• Deficiency: It can affect the function of the thyroid gland and worsen vision.
• Excess: It can be toxic, causing nausea, vomiting, headache and liver damage.

Section 4: Review of common dietary supplements to maintain thyroid health

There are many dietary supplements that are positioned as means for maintaining the health of the thyroid gland. It is important to understand that dietary supplements are not medicines and should not be used to treat thyroid diseases. They can be useful as an addition to the main treatment prescribed by a doctor, provided that they are used under the control of a specialist.

4.1 dietary supplements containing iodine:

• Iodide Calia: A common source of iodine. It is important to follow the recommended dosage to avoid an excess of iodine.
• Algae (Laminaria, Spirulin, Chlorella): Natural sources of iodine. The iodine content in algae can vary, so it is important to choose products with the specified iodine content.

4.2 dietary supplements containing selenium:

• Selenomethumentin: The most absorbed form of selenium.
• Sodium selenite: Another form of selenium, which is also well absorbed.

4.3 dietary supplements containing zinc:

• Zinc picolinat: A well -absorbed form of zinc.
• Zinc Gluconate: Another form of zinc, which is also well absorbed.

4.4 dietary supplements containing iron:

• Ferrohelate (iron bisglicinate): A well-absorbed form of iron, which less often causes side effects from the gastrointestinal tract.
• Iron sulfate: Common, but can cause constipation and other side effects.

4.5 L-tyrosin:

L-tyrosine is an amino acid necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Some dietary supplements contain L-grosine as an ingredient. However, there is no convincing evidence that the intake of L-grosine in the form of dietary supplements improves the function of thyroid gland in people with a normal level of tyrosine in the body.

4.6 Ashwaganda (withania somnifera):

Ashvaganda is an adaptogenic plant used in Ayurvedic medicine. Some studies show that Ashvagand can improve the function of the thyroid gland in people with subclinical hypothyroidism. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these results. Ashvaganda can interact with some drugs, so it is important to consult a doctor before its use.

4.7 curcumin:

Kurkumin is an active component of turmeric with antioxidant and anti -inflammatory properties. Some studies show that curcumin can reduce the inflammation of the thyroid gland with thyroiditis hashimoto. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these results.

4.8 MISO-Inositol:

Mio-foreign is a vitamin-like substance that plays a role in transmitting insulin signals and thyroid function. Some studies show that myo-foreigner can improve thyroid function in people with autoimmune thyroiditis. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these results.

Section 5: Criteria for choosing and rules for taking dietary supplement for the thyroid gland

When choosing and taking dietary supplements to maintain the health of the thyroid gland, certain rules and criteria must be observed in order to avoid side effects and get maximum benefit.

5.1 Consultation with a doctor:

Before taking any dietary supplements for the thyroid gland, you need to consult a doctor. The doctor can assess the condition of your thyroid gland, determine the presence of a deficiency of the necessary trace elements and vitamins, as well as choose the most suitable dietary supplements and dosage. It is especially important to consult a doctor if you already have thyroid diseases or you take any medicine.

5.2 Choosing high -quality dietary supplements:

Choose dietary supplements from trusted manufacturers with a good reputation. Pay attention to the availability of quality certificates confirming the safety and efficiency of the product. Check the composition of the dietary supplement to make sure that it contains the microelements and vitamins you need in the right dosage. Avoid dietary supplements with a dubious composition and obscure origin.

5.3 Compliance with the recommended dosage:

Take dietary supplements strictly in accordance with the instructions and recommendations of the doctor. Do not exceed the recommended dosage, as this can lead to side effects and an overdose.

5.4 Accounting for possible interactions with drugs:

Some dietary supplements can interact with the medicines that you take. Therefore, it is important to inform the doctor about all the dietary supplements that you accept so that he can evaluate possible interactions and adjust the treatment if necessary.

5.5 Monitoring of the thyroid condition:

While taking dietary supplements regularly visit a doctor and take tests for thyroid hormones to control its function and evaluate the effectiveness of dietary supplements.

5.6 Accounting for individual characteristics:

When choosing and taking dietary supplements, it is necessary to take into account your individual characteristics, such as age, gender, state of health, the presence of allergies and intolerance to certain substances.

5.7 Pregnancy and breastfeeding:

During pregnancy and breastfeeding, it is necessary to treat the bades with particular caution. Some dietary supplements may be contraindicated in this period. Therefore, before taking any dietary supplements during pregnancy and breastfeeding, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

Section 6: Alternative methods for maintaining thyroid health

In addition to dietary supplements, there are other methods that can help maintain thyroid health.

6.1 Proper nutrition:

A balanced diet, rich in iodine, selenium, zinc, iron and vitamins, is necessary for the normal functioning of the thyroid gland. Use enough seafood, meat, poultry, nuts, seeds, legumes, dark green leafy vegetables and fruits.

6.2 Healthy lifestyle:

A healthy lifestyle, including regular physical exercises, sufficient sleep and stress control, helps maintain the health of the thyroid gland and general well -being.

6.3 Stress management:

Chronic stress can negatively affect the function of the thyroid gland. Use stress control methods, such as meditation, yoga, breathing exercises and communication with loved ones.

6.4 Refusal of smoking:

Smoking can negatively affect the function of the thyroid gland and increase the risk of developing thyroid diseases.

6.5 restriction of the effects of toxins:

Avoid the effects of toxins, such as pesticides, heavy metals and chemicals contained in cosmetics and household chemicals.

Section 7: Contraindications and side effects of dietary supplements for the thyroid gland

Despite the fact that dietary supplements are considered relatively safe, they can have contraindications and side effects. It is important to know about possible risks before starting dietary supplements.

7.1 General contraindications:

• Individual intolerance to dietary supplements.
• Diseases of the kidneys and liver at the stage of exacerbation.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding (some dietary supplements).
• Children’s age (some dietary supplements).

7.2 possible side effects:

• Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.
• Allergic reactions (rash, itching, edema).
• Headache, dizziness.
• Sleep violation.
• Changes in blood tests (for example, increasing the level of TSH).

7.3 Special warnings:

• The dietary supplements containing iodine can be contraindicated to people with autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves disease.
• Dietary supplements containing selenium can cause selenosis during an overdose.
• Bades containing iron can cause constipation and other side effects from the gastrointestinal tract.
• Ashvaganda dietary supplements can interact with some medicines and are contraindicated in people with autoimmune diseases.

Section 8: Conclusion

Maintaining thyroid health is an important task for every woman. Bades can be useful as an addition to the main treatment prescribed by a doctor, provided that they are used under the control of a specialist. However, it is important to remember that dietary supplements are not medicines and should not be used to treat thyroid diseases. Before taking any dietary supplements, it is necessary to consult a doctor so that he can assess the condition of your thyroid gland, determine the presence of a shortage of the necessary trace elements and vitamins, as well as choose the most suitable dietary supplements and dosage. In addition to dietary supplements, it is important to adhere to a balanced diet, a healthy lifestyle and manage stress in order to maintain thyroid health and general well -being.