Bades during pregnancy: necessary vitamins and minerals

Bades during pregnancy: necessary vitamins and minerals (Nutritional Supplements During Pregnancy: Essential Vitamins and Minerals)

I. Introduction: Preparation for motherhood and the role of nutrition

Pregnancy is a physiological process that requires significant changes in the body of a woman to maintain the growth and development of the fetus. During this period, the need for certain vitamins and minerals increases, which are necessary for the formation of organs and systems of the child, as well as to maintain the health of the mother. The receipt of a sufficient amount of these nutrients from the diet can be complex, especially in the presence of certain food restrictions, toxicosis or individual characteristics of the body. In such cases, biologically active additives (dietary supplements) come to the rescue, which can help replenish the deficiency of the necessary substances. However, it is important to understand that dietary supplements are not a replacement for good nutrition, but only its addition. Their intake should be carried out under the strict supervision of a doctor, taking into account individual needs and possible contraindications.

II. The importance of vitamins and minerals during pregnancy

Vitamins and minerals play a key role in various processes that occur in the mother and fetus during pregnancy. They are necessary for:

Formation of organs and systems of the fetus: Vitamins and minerals are involved in the formation of a nervous tube, bones, muscles, heart, brain and other organs and systems of the child. The deficiency of certain substances can lead to serious malformations.
Maintaining the health of the mother: During pregnancy, the woman’s body experiences increased load. Vitamins and minerals help maintain immunity, energy balance, bone and teeth, and also prevent the development of anemia and other complications.
Ensuring the normal course of pregnancy: A sufficient amount of vitamins and minerals contributes to the normal development of the placenta, maintaining normal blood pressure, preventing premature births and other complications of pregnancy.
Prevention of scarce conditions: Pregnancy is a risk factor for the development of deficiency of many vitamins and minerals. Bades can help prevent the development of these deficits and related problems.

III. The main vitamins and minerals necessary during pregnancy

During pregnancy, special attention should be paid to the following vitamins and minerals:

A. Folic acid (vitamin B9):

Role: Folic acid plays a key role in the formation of the fetal nervous tube, which subsequently develops in the brain and spinal cord. It is also necessary for the formation of red blood cells and cell division.
Deficiency: Folic acid deficiency during pregnancy can lead to serious malformations of the nervous tube, such as spinal hernias (spina bifida) and anencephaly. The risk of premature birth, low weight at birth and other complications may also increase.
Recommendations: Women planning pregnancy are recommended to start taking folic acid no later than 1-3 months before conception, and continue to accept during the first trimester of pregnancy. The recommended dose is 400-800 mcg per day. Women with a high risk of deficiency (for example, having a history of children with malformations of the nervous tube) may require a higher dose.
Sources: Green sheet vegetables (spinach, broccoli, salad), legumes, citrus fruits, enriched products (bread, cereals).

B. Iron:

Role: Iron is necessary for the formation of hemoglobin, which tolerates oxygen in the blood. During pregnancy, the need for iron increases significantly, since it is necessary for the formation of red blood cells in the mother and fetus.
Deficiency: Iron deficiency during pregnancy can lead to iron deficiency anemia, which is manifested by weakness, fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath and pallor of the skin. Anemia can adversely affect the development of the fetus, increasing the risk of premature birth, low weight at birth and developmental delay.
Recommendations: The recommended dose of iron during pregnancy is 27 mg per day. In some cases (for example, in the presence of anemia), the doctor may prescribe a higher dose. Taking iron preparations can cause side effects, such as constipation, nausea and abdominal pain. To improve the absorption of iron, it is recommended to take it on an empty stomach or with vitamin C.
Sources: Red meat, liver, poultry, fish, legumes, green leafy vegetables, enriched products.

C. iodine:

Role: Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which play an important role in the development of the brain and the nervous system of the fetus. During pregnancy, iodine deficiency can lead to serious developmental disorders, such as cretinism, mental retardation and decrease in IQ.
Deficiency: Iodine deficiency is a common problem in many regions of the world. During pregnancy, the need for iodine increases, so it is important to ensure its sufficient intake with food or additives.
Recommendations: The recommended dose of iodine during pregnancy is 220 μg per day. Most prenatal vitamins contain iodine. It is also recommended to use iodized salt.
Sources: Sea fish, seaweed, iodized salt.

D. Vitamin D:

Role: Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which are important for the formation of the bones and teeth of the fetus. He also plays a role in maintaining immunity and reducing the risk of developing gestational diabetes and preeclampsia.
Deficiency: During pregnancy, vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets in a child, osteomination in the mother and increased risk of developing other complications.
Recommendations: The recommended dose of vitamin D during pregnancy is 600-800 IU (international units) per day. In some cases (for example, with vitamin D deficiency), the doctor may prescribe a higher dose.
Sources: Bold fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel), egg yolk, enriched products (milk, juice). Vitamin D is also synthesized in the skin under the influence of sunlight.

E. Calcium:

Role: Calcium is necessary for the formation of the bones and teeth of the fetus. He also plays a role in maintaining the health of the mother’s bones, preventing osteoporosis.
Deficiency: Calcium deficiency during pregnancy can lead to problems with bones and teeth in a child, as well as to osteoporosis in the mother.
Recommendations: The recommended dose of calcium during pregnancy is 1000 mg per day.
Sources: Dairy products, green leafy vegetables, enriched products.

F. Omega-3 fatty acids (DGK and EPK):

Role: Omega-3 fatty acids, especially DGK (daily acidic acid), are important for the development of the brain and eye of the fetus. They can also reduce the risk of premature birth and postpartum depression.
Deficiency: The omega-3 deficiency of fatty acids during pregnancy can adversely affect the development of the brain and vision of the child.
Recommendations: It is recommended to consume at least 200-300 mg of dgk per day during pregnancy.
Sources: Fat fish (salmon, tuna, sardines), linen seeds, walnuts, enriched products.

G. Choline:

Role: Kholin plays an important role in the development of the brain and the nervous system of the fetus, as well as in the formation of cell membranes. It is also necessary for the metabolism of fats and cholesterol.
Deficiency: Holin deficiency during pregnancy can adversely affect the development of the brain and nervous system of the child, as well as increase the risk of developing malformations.
Recommendations: The recommended dose of choline during pregnancy is 450 mg per day.
Sources: Eggs, liver, meat, fish, legumes, vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower).

H. Other important vitamins and minerals:

Vitamin C: It is necessary for immunity, assimilation of iron and the formation of collagen.
Vitamin E: Antioxidant, protects the cells from damage.
B vitamins B (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12): Participate in the energy exchange, the formation of the nervous system and hematopoietic.
Zinc: It is necessary for immunity, growth and development.
Magnesium: Participates in the regulation of blood pressure, muscle function and nervous system.
Copper: It is necessary for the formation of red blood cells and iron metabolism.

IV. The choice of dietary supplements during pregnancy: criteria and recommendations

The choice of dietary supplements during pregnancy should be carefully thought out and agreed with the doctor. The following criteria must be taken into account:

Composition: Carefully study the composition of the dietary supplement and make sure that it contains the necessary vitamins and minerals in sufficient doses. Pay attention to the presence of artificial dyes, flavors, preservatives and other undesirable ingredients.
Quality: Choose dietary supplements from well -known and reliable manufacturers that guarantee the quality and safety of your products. Pay attention to the availability of quality certificates (for example, GMP).
Dosage: Follow the recommended dosage indicated on the packaging or prescribed by a doctor. Do not exceed the recommended dose, as this can lead to side effects.
Compatibility: Tell the doctor about all your medicines and dietary supplements to avoid unwanted interactions.
Individual needs: The choice of dietary supplements should be carried out taking into account your individual needs and health status. For example, women with anemia will need additional iron intake, and women with vitamin D deficiency are vitamin D.

V. Possible risks and side effects of dietary supplements during pregnancy

Reception of dietary supplements during pregnancy, as well as taking any other drugs, can be associated with certain risks and side effects. It is important to remember that dietary supplements are not drugs and do not pass the same strict control as medicines.

Overdose: Exceeding the recommended dose of vitamins and minerals can lead to toxic effects. For example, an overdose of vitamin A can cause malformations of the fetus.
Interaction with drugs: Bades can interact with medicines by changing their effectiveness or causing side effects.
Allergic reactions: Some dietary supplements may contain ingredients that cause allergic reactions.
Unwanted side effects: Reception of dietary supplements can cause such side effects as nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, headache and dizziness.
Inaccurate information: Information about the composition and effectiveness of dietary supplements may be inaccurate or incomplete.

VI. Alternative sources of vitamins and minerals: balanced diet

The best way to obtain the necessary vitamins and minerals during pregnancy is a balanced and diverse diet. The diet of a pregnant woman should include:

Fruits and vegetables: We are rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and fiber.
Whole grain products: Sources of fiber, B vitamins and minerals.
Protein products: Necessary for the growth and development of the fetus.
Dairy products: Sources of calcium and vitamin D.
Useful fats: It is necessary for the development of the brain and the nervous system of the fetus.

If necessary, dietary supplements can serve as an addition to a balanced diet, but should not replace it.

VII. Practical advice on receiving dietary supplements during pregnancy

Consult a doctor: Before taking any dietary supplements during pregnancy, be sure to consult a doctor.
Choose quality products: Give preference to dietary supplements from famous and reliable manufacturers.
Observe the dosage: Do not exceed the recommended dosage indicated on the packaging or prescribed by a doctor.
Take dietary supplements in accordance with the instructions: Follow the recommendations for receiving dietary supplements (for example, on an empty stomach or after eating).
Follow your condition: In the event of any side effects, stop taking the dietary supplement and consult a doctor.
Keep dietary supplements in no way for children: To avoid accidental poisoning.

VIII. Dietary supplements and pregnancy planning

Reception of certain dietary supplements is recommended to start at the stage of pregnancy planning. This allows you to create optimal conditions for conception and development of the fetus from the first days of pregnancy.

Folic acid: It is recommended to start taking folic acid no later than 1-3 months before conception.
Vitamin D: If you have a deficiency of vitamin D, start taking it before pregnancy to normalize the level of vitamin D in the blood.
Iodine: If you live in the region with iodine deficiency, begin to use iodized salt or take iodine supplements before pregnancy.
Omega-3 fatty acids: The use of foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, or taking Omega-3 additives, it is recommended to start before pregnancy.

IX. Dietary supplements and various trimester of pregnancy

The need for certain vitamins and minerals may vary depending on the trimester of pregnancy.

First trimester: In the first trimester, folic acid, iodine and vitamin B6 are especially important.
Second trimester: In the second trimester, the need for iron, calcium and vitamin D.
Third trimester: In the third trimester, all the necessary vitamins and minerals are important, since the fetus is actively growing and developing.

The doctor may adjust the dietary supplement scheme depending on the trimester of pregnancy and your individual needs.

X. Bades and breastfeeding

After childbirth, the need for certain vitamins and minerals remains increased, especially if you breastfeed. Reception of dietary supplements can help ensure sufficient receipt of the necessary substances into the body of the mother and child.

Vitamin D: It is recommended to take vitamin D during breastfeeding to ensure sufficient intake of vitamin D into the child’s body.
Omega-3 fatty acids: The use of foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, or taking Omega-3 additives, it is recommended to continue during breastfeeding.
Calcium: It is important to ensure enough calcium during breastfeeding in order to maintain the health of the mother’s bones.

XI. Dietary supplement for vegetarian and vegan pregnancy

The vegetarian and vegan diet can be safe during pregnancy, but requires careful planning and taking certain dietary supplements.

Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 is found only in animal products, so vegetarians and vegans need to take vitamin B12 additives.
Iron: Vegetarian sources of iron (for example, legumes and green leafy vegetables) are absorbed worse than iron iron. Therefore, vegetarian and vegan may require additional iron.
Calcium: Vegetarians and vegans need to ensure sufficient intake of calcium from plant sources (for example, tofu, enriched vegetable milk) or take calcium additives.
Omega-3 fatty acids: The vegetarian sources of omega-3 fatty acids (for example, linseed seed and walnuts) contain Alk (alpha-linolenic acid), which the body should transform into DHA and EPC. This process is not always effective, so vegetarians and vegans may require the use of DHC and EPC additives from algae.
Zinc: Vegetarian sources of zinc (for example, legumes and whole grain products) contain phynic acid, which may prevent zinc assimilation. Therefore, vegetarian and vegans may require an additional method of zinc.

XII. New research and trends in the field of dietary supplements for pregnant women

Scientific studies in the field of nourishing of pregnant women continue, and new data appear on the role of various vitamins and minerals in maintaining the health of the mother and child.

Probiotics: Studies show that taking probiotics during pregnancy can reduce the risk of allergic diseases in a child.
MISO-INNOSITOL: Studies show that the intake of myo-foreign during pregnancy can reduce the risk of gestational diabetes.
Curcumin: Kurkumin has anti -inflammatory and antioxidant properties and can have a positive effect on the course of pregnancy.
Melatonin: Melatonin plays a role in the regulation of sleep and can reduce the risk of preeclampsia.

Despite promising results, further research is needed to confirm the effectiveness and safety of these new dietary supplements for pregnant women.

XIII. Legal and ethical aspects of the use of dietary supplements

It is important to remember that the turnover of dietary supplements is regulated by law, and not all dietary supplements presented on the market meet safety and efficiency requirements. When choosing a dietary supplement, you need to pay attention to the availability of quality certificates and registration certificate.

In addition, it is important to consider the ethical aspects of the use of dietary supplements. Do not use dietary supplements as a replacement of complete treatment or for self -medication. When any health problems appear, consult a doctor.

XIV. Frequently asked questions (FAQ)

Do I need to take dietary supplements during pregnancy, if I eat right?

Even with a balanced diet, it is difficult to get all the necessary vitamins and minerals in sufficient quantities during pregnancy. Therefore, the reception of dietary supplements prescribed by a doctor can be useful.

What dietary supplements are most important during pregnancy?

Folic acid, iron, iodine, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids are most important.

Are the dietary supplements for pregnant women?

With the right choice and observance of dosage, dietary supplements are usually safe for pregnant women. However, before starting the reception, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

Can dietary supplements cause side effects during pregnancy?

Yes, some dietary supplements can cause side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea and allergic reactions.

Is it possible to take several dietary supplements at the same time during pregnancy?

Reception of several dietary supplements is simultaneously possible, but it is necessary to take into account their compatibility and observe the recommended dosages. It is important to consult a doctor.

XV. Conclusion: A responsible approach to receiving dietary supplements during pregnancy

Reception of dietary supplements during pregnancy is a responsible step that should be carefully thought out and agreed with the doctor. Bades can help make up for the deficiency of the necessary vitamins and minerals and support the health of the mother and child, but should not replace a balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle. It is important to choose quality products from reliable manufacturers, observe the recommended dosages and monitor your condition. When any side effects appear, it is necessary to stop taking the dietary supplement and consult a doctor. Only with a responsible approach to receiving dietary supplements can you get the maximum benefit and avoid possible risks.

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